Mobile disinfectant device and methods

ABSTRACT

Ultraviolet light is an effective sterilization agent. Convenient mobile sterilization devices are described herein that, in certain embodiments, provide indications to a user of how much sterilizing light is required for a given sterilization goal and how much light has been applied to a surface towards that goal. Users can move the devices across a target surface as needed to sterilize or disinfect the surface, with the device tracking the dosage applied to the surface. One embodiment of a mobile device that comprises an ultraviolet C (UVC) light source, a distance detector, an indicator, and a microprocessor that receives data from the distance detector for calculating an intensity of the light from the source on a target surface and for calculating a dosage of the light on the surface to provide a signal to the indicator when a predetermined dosage is achieved.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The technical field relates to mobile devices for ultraviolet lightdisinfection.

BACKGROUND

Ultraviolet light is an effective sterilization agent. The ultravioletlight breaks down living organisms to render them harmless.

SUMMARY

Convenient mobile sterilization devices are described herein that, incertain embodiments, provide indications to a user of how muchsterilizing light is required for a given sterilization goal and howmuch light has been applied to a surface towards that goal. Users canmove the devices across a target surface as needed to sterilize ordisinfect the surface, with the device tracking the dosage applied tothe surface.

One embodiment of a mobile device that comprises an ultraviolet C (UVC)light source or other ultraviolet light source, a distance detector, anindicator, and a microprocessor that receives data from the distancedetector for calculating an intensity of the light from the source on atarget surface and for calculating a dosage of the light on the surfaceto provide a signal to the indicator when a predetermined dosage isachieved. The device may be equipped with one or more of: a movementsensor that provides device movement data to the microprocessor toinclude in the calculation of the dosage; a wheel for rolling the deviceacross the surface; a light or an audio signal indicator, a display, adisplay that depicts subareas of the target area and the dosage appliedto the subarea; an xy accelerometer, an xyz accelerometer, anaccelerometer that provides acceleration data to the microprocessor tobe incorporated into the calculation of the dosage; a movement sensorthat provides an acceleration in an x-direction and an acceleration in ay-direction, with the target area having xy coordinates; or amicroprocessor configured to calculate the exposure with an intensity ofthe light source at the surface, a predetermined value of intensity ofthe light source at the light source, and a distance from the lightsource to the surface. Some embodiments of the device are hand-held andmovable over the surface by a user grasping a portion of the device. Thetarget area may be represented as having an x-direction and ay-direction, with the calculations subdividing the area into subareasand calculating a dosage for each grid member. A display may provide avisual representation of a dosage received at each grid member. Thedevice may have executable programming or hardware for predeterminedsterilization dosages for one of more organisms or conditions in thegroup consisting of typhoid, influenza, hepatitis, anthrax, mold A, andmold B and/or programming for predetermined sterilization dosages fromabout 6,000 to about 44,000 microwatts per square centimeter.

Some embodiments are methods of disinfecting. For instance, a method ofdisinfecting comprising providing an ultraviolet light source, adistance detector, an indicator, and a microprocessor that receives datafrom the distance detector for calculating an intensity of the lightfrom the source on a target surface and for calculating a dosage of thelight on the surface to provide a signal to the indicator when apredetermined dosage is achieved, with the device comprising a movementsensor that provides device movement data to the microprocessor toinclude in the calculation of the dosage, and moving the device toexpose the target area to the light source until the indicator indicatesthe predetermined dosage is achieved. The indicator may comprise adisplay that depicts subareas of the target area and the dosage appliedto the subarea, wherein the user moves the device over the subareasuntil each subarea has achieved the predetermined dosage. The movementsensor may comprise an accelerometer (e.g., xy or xyz) that providesacceleration data to the microprocessor to be incorporated into thecalculation of the dosage. The movement sensor may provide anacceleration in an x-direction and an acceleration in a y-direction,with the target area having xy coordinates. Other coordinates may beused, e.g., radial, spherical. The target area may be represented ashaving an x-direction and a y-direction, with the calculationssubdividing the area into subareas and calculating a dosage for eachgrid member.

Some embodiments relate to processes of making a mobile disinfectingdevice. One embodiment is a method of making a mobile disinfectingdevice for sanitizing or sterilizing a surface comprising mounting anultraviolet light source in a housing in electronic communication with amicroprocessor that communicates with a movement sensor and a distancedetector, wherein the movement sensor is configured to provide movementinformation to the microprocessor for a calculation of an exposure ofthe surface to the light source, for a calculation of a dosage at thesurface, and for activation of an indicator when the dosage achieves apredetermined exposure. The device may have features as described aboveor elsewhere herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a disinfecting hand-held wandembodiment;

FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view along line B-B of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of ahand-held wand embodiment;

FIG. 3A is a top view of a hand-held wand in use;

FIG. 3B is a side view of the use of FIG. 3A;

FIG. 4 is a schematic of controllers and output for a mobiledisinfecting device;

FIG. 5A is a perspective view of a disinfecting hand-held wandembodiment in an extended in-use position;

FIG. 5B is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 5A in a storageposition;

FIG. 5C is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 5A;

FIG. 5D is bottom view of the embodiment of FIG. 5A;

FIG. 6A is a perspective view of a mobile rollable disinfecting unit;

FIG. 6B is a bottom view of the embodiment of FIG. 6A; and

FIG. 7 illustrates a display for a disinfecting devices representing atarget area as a plurality of subareas.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 depicts a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention,with hand-held wand 100 having a proximate portion 102 graspable by auser, a distal portion 104 with distal tip 106, a display 108, switch110 with optional plurality of settings, and cycle button 112. Incross-section along line B-B, device 100 has battery 114, microprocessor116, accelerometer 118, distance detector 120, targeting light source122 received in light source cavity 124, and facing detector 126.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of thedevice of FIG. 1, with hand-held wand 200 having a proximate portion 202graspable by a user, a distal portion 204 with distal tip 206, a display208, switch 210 with optional plurality of settings, and cycle button212. Device 200 has battery 214, microprocessor 216, accelerometer 218,distance detectors 220, 221, light source 222 received in light sourcecavity 224, and facing detector 226. A light 228 in light cavity 230 isalso provided.

FIG. 3 depicts device 100 in use, with the device depicted schematicallyin partial detail for purposes of illustration, with positions of lightsource 122 and accelerometer 118 being indicated. User 300 grasps device100 by proximate portion 102 and holds it over target surface 302. Anxyz coordinate system is used herein as a frame of reference with xyreferring to a plane of the target surface and the z-coordinateindicating perpendicular distance from the surface plane. Thus a usersterilizing a target area on a floor would typically stand on the xyplane of the floor an hold a wand a certain z-distance from the floor.User 300 turns on device 100 and optionally selects a setting withswitch 110, presses cycle button 112, and moves device 100 over targetarea 302 with light source 222 directed towards the target area until anindicator on display 108 provides an indication that a predetermineddosage of light from light source 122 has been provided to target area302. Device 200 may be used similarly, with targeting light source 228providing illumination to project targeting light or a targeting lightpattern on surface 302 for the user's reference.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram depicting an embodiment for interconnection ofcomponents of FIGS. 1-3 or other devices, and is described in terms ofthe embodiment of FIG. 2. Block diagram conceptually shows processing bymicroprocessor 216 in block 416, instructions to user 408 for display208, settings control 410 from switch 210 for determining one of aplurality of settings, cycle start 411 from cycle button 212,accelerometer input 418 from accelerometer 218, distance detector input420 from distance detector 220, light source control 422 to controllight source 222 and facing detector input 426 from facing detector 226.Exemplary input options 450, 452 through setting control 410 are surfacetype and condition to sterilize, respectively. Microprocessing as at 416calculates as at 453 a required dosage based on required dosage factors454 such as preset criteria including light source intensity and dosageneeded to achieve the sterilization settings 410 and real-time data suchas distance 304. Upon cycle initiation by user 300 as at 408,microprocessing 416 tracks inputs to calculate a dosage of targetsurface 302. Dosage tracking as at 458 uses inputs 456 that may includepreset criteria including light source area, focus, and intensity oflight source 222 as modified in a known manner by other settings, andreal-time data such as distance 304 and the portion of area covered forthe target area 302. Microprocessing outputs may include control oftargeting light as at 460.

A dosage of all or portions of the target area may be tracked inessentially real time by a microprocessor using inputs includingaccelerometer inputs. Accelerometers, e.g, 118, 218 provide accelerationdata. An xyz accelerometer may be used to provide an object's attitude,i.e., its coordinates in an xyz coordinate system. In the case of aknown geometry, all the points on the object can be mapped into the xyzcoordinate position with a single xyz accelerometer. Alternatively,separate devices can provide inputs that in combination describe anobject's attitude, for instance an xy accelerometer and a tilt indicatorfor the z-position. A timer in the microprocessor or separately providedcan be used to track coverage in real time or pseudotime. When a cycleis initiated, or upon other trigger to begin tracking, the time spent alocation can be recorded and accumulated to a record that tracks theamount of time a surface has been exposed to a light source. Distanceinformation, e.g., as at 304, can be used with light source intensityinformation to calculate how much light has been received at acoordinate. Various methods of tracking the dosage may be used accordingto the inputs and dosage model parameters. One method imposes animaginary grid on the surface that is exposed to the light source andaccumulates the time and intensity of light projected onto each gridmember. The size of grid members can be increased or decreased asdesired for accuracy or computational ease. Alternatively, other typesof subareas may be used instead of grid blocks.

In general, the device may be provided with instructions that outlineusage guidelines. In one method, the user is instructed to provide aseries of passes over the intended target area to define the targetarea's size for calculation purposes. The area is then subdivided anddosage for each area is calculated as the user treats the areas. Whenall or some proportion of the areas accumulate a dosage that meets orexceeds a desired dosage, the microprocessor provides a signal to adisplay to indicate to the user that the cycle is complete.

FIG. 5 depicts an alternative hand-held wand embodiment. Device 500 hasa housing with body 502 and retractable member 504. Body 502 hasproximate portion 506, storage slot 508 for member 504, and pivotingassembly 510. Pivoting assembly has biased tab 512, tab slot 514, and apin member 515 for pivotal movement of member 504 in and out of storageslot 508. In the storage position, the light source is protected insidethe device and no part of it is exposed to potential damage. In thisembodiment, the retractable member is completely folded into the body,meaning that its top and bottom are within the slot, with only a sidebeing exposed. A user may press tab 512 to displace it from tab slot 514so that the pivotal movement may be accomplished; when tab 512 is in tabslot 514, member 504 is locked in an extended position 516. Sterilizinglight source 518 is housed in light source receptacle 520. FIG. 5Bdepicts device 500 in a storage position 522 with member 504 received bystorage slot 508. Biased tab 512 is in slot 514 to lock device 500 inthe storage position. A user may depress tab 512 out of slot 514 to movemember 504 and 502 relative to each other. Window 524 may optionally beprovided to allow filtered light from light source 518 to pass throughto the user, with the filtering removing any harmful wavelengths.Alternatively window 524 may be replaced with some indicator of aposition of the light source on the opposing side of the device, e.g., adecal, a printed indicium, or a raised portion of the housing. Biasedposition indicator 526 may be used to indicate to a microprocessor (notshown) that the device is in a storage position or extended position,e.g., the indicator is forced downwards to make a contact when in theextended position but otherwise makes no contact to prevent operation ofthe light source. Device 500 may have components as described withrespect to FIGS. 1-4 above, or other components described herein; inuse, device 500 may be used in a manner similar to these other devices.The hand-held sterilization devices in U.S. Ser. No. ______, filed thesame date as the instant application, and entitled “HAND HELDSTERILIZATION DEVICES”, which is hereby incorporated by referenceherein, may also be adapted for use as described herein, e.g., with adistance detector and microprocessing functions.

FIG. 6 depicts an alternative device that is mobile but not hand-held.Mobile refers to a device that moves to pass the sterilizing lightsource over the target area and is in contrast to a static device thatsterilizes without direct movement. Accordingly, a device that is leftin a room to sterilize the room without being moved is static. Ahand-held device that a human user moves during a cycle is mobile, as isa robot equipped to move about an area, as in the popularly known IROBOTseries of robotic floor vacuum cleaners. A device that receives acomponent for sterilization into an enclosed chamber is static. Rollablesterilizer 600 has handle 602 attached to base 604 that is attached towheels 606. Handle 602 has proximal portion 607 for gripping by a user,display 608 for display to the user, and cycle start button 610. Base604 has distance detector 612, accelerometer 614, sterilizing lightsource 616 in receptacle 618, and microprocessor 620. In use, a usergrips portion 607, actuates cycle start button 610, and rolls device 600across a target area. As already described for other mobile devices, thetarget area may be sterilized or sanitized by passing the light sourceover the target area, with the display signaling to the user as neededand with the microprocessor coordinating inputs to track and reportprogress in the overall process. The microprocessor and accelerometermay be positioned outside of the base or in the base as depicted. Thedistance may be assumed to be fixed for calculation purposes since thewheels hold the light source a fixed distance from the target surface,in which case the distance detector may optionally be eliminated or usedmerely as a safety device to turn off the light source when a surface isnot detected within a preset distance.

Alternatively, a vacuum cleaner may be equipped with an ultravioletlight source, a distance detector, an indicator, and/or a microprocessorthat receives data from the distance detector for calculating anintensity of the light from the source on a target surface and forcalculating a dosage of the light on the surface to provide a signal tothe indicator when a predetermined dosage is achieved. The light sourcemay be mounted according to the style of vacuum cleaner to illuminatethe surface being vacuumed, e.g., canister or upright, see for exampleU.S. Pat. No. 2,632,912, U.S. Pat. No. 4,907,316, US 2006-0185116, US2007-0192986 each of which are hereby incorporated by reference hereinto the extent they do not contradict what is explicitly disclosedherein. The other features and options described herein may further beincorporated into such a device.

Hand-held wand is a term referring to a device for a user to hold andsupport the entire device in a hand and move across a target area.Embodiments of hand-held devices include those with a weight of lessthan about 10 lbs, less than about 5 lbs, less than about 1 lb and lessthan about 8 ounces; artisans will immediately appreciate that all theranges and values within the explicitly stated ranges are contemplated.A switch or a button that is actuated by a user is a broad term and mayinclude, for example, a toggle, a sliding switch that allows adjustablecontrol of the component being switched, hand-actuation, foot actuation,knobs, rheostats, and wheels (e.g., thumbwheel). Batteries may bedisposable or rechargeable, e.g., by electric current or solar cells. Apower cord and plug may be used to augment or substitute forbattery-operation.

The term display is broad and includes, e.g., lights, light arrays,liquid crystal displays, and video displays. In general a display may beaugmented with, or replaced by, audio signals, depending on the overallfunctionality of the display. In some embodiments, the display providesan indication that the target area has been treated and signalscompletion to the user. In other embodiments, the display furtherprovides a graphical indication of what portions of the target area havebeen treated or require further treatment, as in FIG. 7, showing display700 with cycle indicator 702, battery indicator 704, setting indicator706, and area indicator 708 that is a virtual representation of targetarea 302 subdivided into a grid patter with rows 710, 720, 730, 740,750, and columns 770 to 775. In use, the microprocessor provides data tothe display to indicate a percentage completion of each grid member,e.g., block 770, 710 is depicted as 100% complete, with block 774, 720being 90 percent complete. A user may iteratively view the display andadjust how the target area is swept to bring each grid area to acomplete dosage of the source light. In the case of non-rectangulartarget areas, some of the blocks may be nonresponsive or otherwiseindicated to be inactive, e.g., blacked out. Other indicia of completionmay be used instead of percentages, e.g., colors to indicate levels ofcompletion or levels of incompletion. In the case of a liquid crystaldisplay, the grid may be represented graphically; in the case of anarray of LED lights, the lights may be laid out to represent the gridand change color or state (e.g., steady, off, blinking, fast blink). Incombination with a display, one embodiment involves initiating a cyclewith a first step of mapping out a surface, with the user moving themobile device over a target and optionally viewing the display toobserve that the target area is mapped into the device, e.g., byobserving the grid filled-in. After a cue from the device or from theuser to the device (as by pressing the cycle button a second time, or adifferent button), the sterilization/sanitization cycle is initiated. Insome embodiments, the distance detector is used to map contours of thetarget area, e.g., as in the metes and bounds of a pillow on anapproximately flat surface being mapped by its height relative to thesurface; optionally, the device may have a setting for contour-mapping,for mapping without distance detect input, or a combination of distancedetection and xy area.

Accelerometers are useful for providing movement data to themicroprocessor. An xy accelerometer, for instance, can provide xymovement data, with an acceleration of zero indicating a change indirection. An xyz accelerometer provides xyz movement data. In general,a distance detector may be used to provide z distance data incombination with an xy accelerometer to generate xyz movement data, or asingle xyz accelerometer may be used. Some embodiments may use aplurality of z detectors to improve accuracy of the calculations, e.g.,a plurality of distance detectors, or a distance detector and an xyzaccelerometer. Some embodiments use a tilt detector as part of acalculation to determine the attitude of the device, with the device'sattitude affecting dosage calculations since the distance from thetarget surface can affect the intensity of light received at thesurface. Accordingly, some embodiments include an xy accelerometer and atilt detector, and other embodiments may also include a tilt detector.An embodiment of a tilt detector is an electronic inclinometer, e.g., ofa type in the group accelerometer, liquid capacitive, electrolytic, gasbubble in liquid, pendulum, and MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems).

Gyroscopes may also be used to measure orientation information.Gyroscopes include electronic gyroscopes and micro-electro-mechanicalsystem (MEM) gyroscopes, e.g., as made by Systron Donner Inertial. Inone embodiment, two gyroscopes are used with their axles at right anglesto each another on a platform inside a set of gimbals; sensors on thegimbals' axles detect when the platform rotates. These signals may beprocessed, e.g., by microprocessor, to indicate the device's rotationsrelative to the platform. Further, an accelerometer may be used incombination with the pair of perpendicularly mounted gyroscopes toprovide a measurement of the device's direction and how its motion ischanging in all three directions. The pair of gyroscopes mayalternatively be mounted so that the axis of rotation of the first andsecond gyroscopes are not parallel, i.e., are not necessarilyperpendicular. Accordingly, an embodiment of the invention is ahand-held device that includes a first rotational sensor for determiningrotation of the device about a first axis and generating a firstrotational output associated therewith, a second rotational sensor fordetermining rotation of the pointing device about a second axis andgenerating a second rotational output associated therewith, anaccelerometer for determining an acceleration of the pointing device andoutputting an acceleration output associated therewith and a processingunit for receiving the first and second rotational outputs and theacceleration output. These data may be processed as described herein totrack the movement of the device and dosages of light applied to asurface. In another embodiment, one gyroscope is used, with anaccelerometer used to provide movement and positioning data along anaxis that is not sensed by the rotational sensor.

Devices may include a wheel for providing distance data. Turning of thewheel indicates traverse according to the direction of the wheel'srotation, with other movement sensors providing data related to, e.g.,pivots, turns or circles made by the user.

A facing detector may optionally be used. The facing detector canindicate if the device is pointing in a direction that is undesired suchthat the device or the light source may be turned off. In someembodiments, the light source or device is turned off when a facingdetector is more than a predetermined value from vertical, with thevalue being in a range from, e.g., about 5 to about 90 degrees; in otherwords, the light is on if it points vertically down at the surface butis turned off when it deviates too much, e.g., is turned 30 degreesaway; artisans will immediately appreciate that all the ranges andvalues within the explicitly stated ranges are contemplated, e.g., about5, about 10, about 15, or about 20 degrees. For instance, a tilt switchmay be used, e.g., switch equipped with an internal ball that isactivated when a predetermined tilt angle has been achieved. In someembodiments, a distance detector is used as a safety device, with thelight source being turned off if the distance is more than apredetermined value, e.g., from about 0.5 feet to about 10 feet;artisans will immediately appreciate that all the ranges and valueswithin the explicitly stated ranges are contemplated.

Distance detectors include, for example, infrared or other light-baseddistance detectors. In general, a distance detect light source (e.g.,infrared LED) emits light that is reflected at least partially by asurface; a detector mounted neat the emitter measures the amount oflight received, with the emitter typically having a sensitivity matchedto the emitted light wavelength. Photodiodes or CCD chips are availableas detectors, with triangulation routines being available for enhanceddistance calculation. Other distance detectors based on ultrasound mayalso be used, for example. A distance detector returns information thatprovides a distance. In contrast, a sensor that merely providesinformation about whether or the sensor is proximate to an object is aproximity sensor.

Certain embodiments provide for a target pattern or target light spot.Such indicia indicate to a user where the device is pointed. A lightsource, e.g., an LED or light bulb, can be activated to focus light inthe direction that the sterilizing light source is pointed. A targetpattern showing dark portions or light portions may be used, e.g.,cross-hairs that appear as light or shadow on the target surface area. Apattern placed over such a source may be used to generate the targetpattern.

Microprocessors may be used as needed to achieve the indicatedcalculations and processing. In general, a microprocessor refers to oneor more computing devices that compute using hardware, software orfirmware. A single microprocessor may be used in many embodiments, or aplurality of microprocessors may share computing tasks. Themicroprocessor may contain, or cooperate with, a computer-readablemedium that provides computer-readable instructions, data, andelectronic records. The term computing device is broad and includesmicroprocessors and integrated circuits that perform logical computingoperations. Accordingly, for example, embodiments include computerreadable media that have dosage records, tables of predetermined values,tables of predetermined dosages for comparing to actual dosage records,executable code for comparing values or providing a signal to acomponent after performing a logical operation based on real time orpseudotime input.

The light source may be an ultraviolet light (UV) source, e.g.,ultraviolet A (UVA; about 400 nm to about 315 nm), ultraviolet B (UVB;about 315 nm to about 290 nm), ultraviolet C (UVC; about 290 nm to about100 nm). UVC can be found in artificial sources such as mercury arclamps and germicidal lamps. Light sources commonly referred to as UVClamps can be used, e.g., as in the VERILUX TRAVEL WAND, which is acommercially available sterilization wand. Some light sources arereferred to as high pressure UVC lamps, and typically have a peak at 254nm and a secondary peak at about 185 nm. Medium pressure UVC lamps varysomewhat and typically have multiple peaks from abort 225 nm to about600 nm.

Another light source embodiment is a mixture of UVA, and/or UVB, and/orUVC light in the range of about 185 nm to about 365 nm. The light maycome from a filtered broad spectrum light source to provide a spectrumof light within the 185-365 range, or a plurality of light sources maybe used that each provide at least one peak within the 185-365 range.For instance, two or three LED light sources may be used. Moreover, thelight source may exclude wavelengths outside of the 185-365 range.

Table 1 details some dosages for sterilization. The cleaning mechanismof UV is a photochemical process. The indicated organisms or othercompounds undergo breakdown when exposed to high intensity UV at about240 to 290 nm. Short-wave ultraviolet light can destroy DNA in livingmicroorganisms and breakdown organic material found in indoor air. UVC'seffectiveness is directly related to intensity and exposure time. UVrays strike contaminants directly to penetrate it and break down itsmolecular bonds. This bond breakage translates into cellular or geneticdamage.

Some embodiments accordingly relate to exposing a target area to a lightsource to sterilize the area for a particular condition or organismcausing the condition until the target area is exposed to at least adose of light that sterilizes the surface, meaning a 99.9% kill rate asmeasured under controlled conditions. Some embodiments relate tooverexposing exposing a target area to a dosage that exceedssterilization requirements, e.g., about 105 to about 1000% of thesterilization dosage; artisans will immediately appreciate that all theranges and values within the explicitly stated ranges are contemplated,e.g., from about 110% to about 200%. Such overexposure can be used tocompensate for less than ideal conditions such as irregularities orimpurities in the target area. Other embodiments relate to sanitizing asurface target area, meaning that the area is exposed to a dosage oflight calculated to remove unwanted compounds without fully sterilizingthe surface, e.g., about 25% to about 98%; artisans will immediatelyappreciate that all the ranges and values within the explicitly statedranges are contemplated, e.g., from about 50% to about 80%. Certainembodiments of sanitization/sterilization are directed to one or morecombinations of organisms or conditions and/or specific items and/orareas and/or area sizes and/or light source devices as in Table 1. Thedevices of Table 1 have been made and tested as prototypes or designedas indicated. Disinfecting is a term applied to either sanitization orsterilization.

The sterilization/sanitization devices may provide users with options tocontrol settings or choose conditions the user wishes to address. Forinstance, an interactive display or a selection device (e.g., switch,knob, slider) may allow a user to select for one or more conditions asin Table 1, e.g., mold A so that the device is instructed to require apredetermined dosage value of 10,000 microwatts per cm2 forsterilization. In some embodiments, a user is allowed to select asanitization setting for less than complete sterilization, or to selectan overexposure setting. Alternatively, overexposure may be built intothe device's processing routines to provide a safety margin.

Patents, patent applications, and publications set forth herein arehereby incorporated by reference herein to the extent they do notcontradict what is explicitly disclosed herein. The embodiments describea variety of features. In general, the features may be mixed-and-matchedto make other embodiments as guided by the need to make a functionaldevice.

TABLE 1 Model Reference No. 1 2 6 7 10 20 Type Device Wand Wand WandFlip Wand Rollable Rollable Vacuum Output UVC Watts 6 3 8 1.5 4 35Intensity UVC μW/cm2 4750 1710 5000 4950 1000 21875 Total Output μW/Ttl.area 213750 25650 312500 29700 38000 1312500 of Light Source Organism orCondition: Typhoid. Required Dosage to kill organism: 6000 μW/cm2 AREA,cm2 DIMENSION ITEM Minutes for 99.9% Kill Rate   1 (1 cm × 1 cm) 1Square cm 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.10 0.00   72 (18 cm × 4 cm) RemoteControl 0.03 0.28 0.02 0.24 0.19 0.01  144 (18 cm × 4 c × 2) Telephone0.07 0.56 0.05 0.48 0.38 0.01  480 (40 cm × 32 cm) Toilet Seat 0.22 1.870.15 1.62 1.26 0.04  2394 (63 cm × 38 cm) Queen Pillow 1.12 9.33 0.778.06 6.30 0.18  9677 (127 cm × Baby Crib Matress 4.53 37.73 3.10 32.5825.47 0.74 76 cm) 18909 (191 cm × Single Matress 8.85 73.72 6.05 63.6749.76 1.44 99 cm) 26167 (191 cm × Double Matress 12.24 102.02 8.37 88.1068.86 1.99 137 cm) 30856 (203 cm × Queen Matress 14.44 120.30 9.87103.89 81.20 2.35 152 cm) 39179 (203 cm × King Matress 18.33 152.7412.54 131.92 103.10 2.99 193 cm) Organism or Condition: Influenza.Required Dosage to kill organism: 6,600 μW/cm2 AREA, cm2 DIMENSION ITEMMinutes for 99.9% Kill Rate   1 (1 cm × 1 cm) 1 Square cm 0.02 0.06 0.020.02 0.11 0.01   72 (18 cm × 4 cm) Remote Control 0.04 0.31 0.03 0.270.21 0.01  144 (18 cm × 4 c × 2) Telephone 0.07 0.62 0.05 0.53 0.42 0.01 480 (40 cm × 32 cm) Toilet Seat 0.25 2.06 0.17 1.78 1.39 0.04  2394 (63cm × 38 cm) Queen Pillow 1.23 10.27 0.84 8.87 6.93 0.20  9677 (127 cm ×Baby Crib Matress 4.98 41.50 3.41 35.84 28.01 0.81 76 cm) 18909 (191 cm× Single Matress 9.73 81.09 6.66 70.03 54.74 1.58 99 cm) 26167 (191 cm ×Double Matress 13.47 112.22 9.21 96.91 75.75 2.19 137 cm) 30856 (203 cm× Queen Matress 15.88 132.33 10.86 114.28 89.32 2.59 152 cm) 39179 (203cm × King Matress 20.16 168.02 13.79 145.11 113.41 3.28 193 cm) Organismor Condition: Hepatitis. Required Dosage to kill organism: 8,000 μW/cm2AREA, cm2 DIMENSION ITEM Minutes for 99.9% Kill Rate   1 (1 cm × 1 cm) 1Square cm 0.03 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.11 0.01   72 (18 cm × 4 cm) RemoteControl 0.04 0.37 0.03 0.32 0.25 0.01  144 (18 cm × 4 c × 2) Telephone0.09 0.75 0.06 0.65 0.51 0.01  480 (40 cm × 32 cm) Toilet Seat 0.30 2.500.20 2.15 1.68 0.05  2394 (63 cm × 38 cm) Queen Pillow 1.49 12.44 1.0210.75 8.40 0.24  9677 (127 cm × Baby Crib Matress 6.04 50.30 4.13 43.4433.95 0.98 76 cm) 18909 (191 cm × Single Matress 11.80 98.29 8.07 84.8966.35 1.92 99 cm) 26167 (191 cm × Double Matress 16.32 136.02 11.16117.47 91.81 2.66 137 cm) 30856 (203 cm × Queen Matress 19.25 160.4013.17 138.52 108.27 3.13 152 cm) 39179 (203 cm × King Matress 24.44203.66 16.72 175.89 137.47 3.98 193 cm) Organism or Condition: Anthrax.Required Dosage to kill organism: 8, 8,700 μW/cm2 AREA, cm2 DIMENSIONITEM Minutes for 99.9% Kill Rate   1 (1 cm × 1 cm) 1 Square cm 0.03 0.080.03 0.03 0.15 0.01   72 (18 cm × 4 cm) Remote Control 0.05 0.41 0.030.35 0.27 0.01  144 (18 cm × 4 c × 2) Telephone 0.10 0.81 0.07 0.70 0.550.02  480 (40 cm × 32 cm) Toilet Seat 0.33 2.71 0.22 2.34 1.83 0.05 2394 (63 cm × 38 cm) Queen Pillow 1.62 13.53 1.11 11.69 9.14 0.26  9677(127 cm × Baby Crib Matress 6.56 54.70 4.49 47.24 36.93 1.07 76 cm)18909 (191 cm × Single Matress 12.83 106.89 8.77 92.32 72.15 2.09 99 cm)26167 (191 cm × Double Matress 17.75 147.92 12.14 127.75 99.85 2.89 137cm) 30856 (203 cm × Queen Matress 20.93 174.43 14.32 150.64 117.74 3.41152 cm) 39179 (203 cm × King Matress 26.58 221.48 18.18 191.28 149.504.33 193 cm) Organism or Condition: Mold A. Required Dosage to killorganism: 10,000 μW/cm2 AREA, cm2 DIMENSION ITEM Minutes for 99.9% KillRate   1 (1 cm × 1 cm) 1 Square cm 0.04 0.10 0.03 0.03 0.17 0.01   72(18 cm × 4 cm) Remote Control 0.06 0.47 0.04 0.40 0.32 0.01  144 (18 cm× 4 c × 2) Telephone 0.11 0.94 0.08 0.81 0.63 0.02  480 (40 cm × 32 cm)Toilet Seat 0.37 3.12 0.26 2.69 2.11 0.06  2394 (63 cm × 38 cm) QueenPillow 1.87 15.56 1.28 13.43 10.50 0.30  9677 (127 cm × Baby CribMatress 7.55 62.88 5.16 54.30 42.44 1.23 76 cm) 18909 (191 cm × SingleMatress 14.74 122.87 10.08 106.11 82.93 2.40 99 cm) 26167 (191 cm ×Double Matress 20.40 170.03 13.96 146.84 114.77 3.32 137 cm) 30856 (203cm × Queen Matress 24.06 200.49 16.46 173.15 135.33 3.92 152 cm) 39179(203 cm × King Matress 30.55 254.57 20.90 219.86 171.84 4.98 193 cm)Organism or Condition: Mold B. Required Dosage to kill organism: 44,000μW/cm2 AREA, cm2 DIMENSION ITEM Minutes for 99.9% Kill Rate   1 (1 cm ×1 cm) 1 Square cm 0.15 0.43 0.15 0.15 0.73 0.03   72 (18 cm × 4 cm)Remote Control 0.25 2.06 0.17 1.78 1.39 0.04  144 (18 cm × 4 c × 2)Telephone 0.49 4.12 0.34 3.56 2.78 0.08  480 (40 cm × 32 cm) Toilet Seat1.65 13.72 1.13 11.85 9.26 0.27  2394 (63 cm × 38 cm) Queen Pillow 8.2168.44 5.62 59.11 46.20 1.34  9677 (127 cm × Baby Crib Matress 33.20276.67 22.71 238.94 186.75 5.41 76 cm) 18909 (191 cm × Single Matress64.87 540.61 44.37 466.89 364.91 10.57 99 cm) 26167 (191 cm × DoubleMatress 89.77 748.11 61.41 646.10 504.98 14.62 137 cm) 30856 (203 cm ×Queen Matress 105.86 882.17 72.41 761.88 595.47 17.24 152 cm) 39179 (203cm × King Matress 134.42 1120.13 91.94 967.38 756.09 21.89 193 cm)

1. A mobile device that comprises: an ultraviolet light source, adistance detector, an indicator, and a microprocessor that receives datafrom the distance detector for calculating an intensity of the lightfrom the source on a target surface and for calculating a dosage of thelight on the surface to provide a signal to the indicator when apredetermined dosage is achieved.
 2. The device of claim 1 furthercomprising a movement sensor that provides device movement data to themicroprocessor to include in the calculation of the dosage.
 3. Thedevice of claim 2 wherein the movement sensor comprises a gyroscope. 4.The device of claim 1 being hand-held and movable over the surface by auser grasping a proximate portion of the device.
 5. The device of claim1 further comprising a wheel for rolling the device across the surface.6. The device of claim 1 wherein the indicator comprises a light or anaudio signal.
 7. The device of claim 1 wherein the indicator comprises adisplay that depicts subareas of the target area and the dosage appliedto the subarea.
 8. The device of claim 1 wherein the movement sensorcomprises an accelerometer that provides acceleration data to themicroprocessor to be incorporated into the calculation of the dosage. 9.The device of claim 1 wherein the movement sensor provides anacceleration in an x-direction and an acceleration in a y-direction,with the target area having xy coordinates.
 10. The device of claim 1wherein the microprocessor is configured to calculate the exposure withan intensity of the light source at the surface, a predetermined valueof intensity of the light source at the light source, and a distancefrom the light source to the surface.
 11. The device of claim 1 whereinthe target area is represented as having an x-direction and ay-direction, with the calculations subdividing the area into subareasand calculating a dosage for each grid member.
 12. The device of claim 1wherein a display provides a visual representation of a dosage receivedat each grid member.
 13. The device of claim 1 further comprisingexecutable instructions in computer readable medium for comparing thedosage to predetermined sterilization dosages for one of more organismsor conditions in the group consisting of typhoid, influenza, hepatitis,anthrax, mold A, and mold B.
 14. The device of claim 1 furthercomprising executable instructions in computer readable medium forcomparing the dosage to predetermined dosages from about 5,000 to about100,000 microwatts per square centimeter.
 15. The device of claim 1configured as a hand-held wand with a light source disposable in anextended position for sterilization and a retracted storage positionwherein the light source is stored internally to the device.
 16. Thedevice of claim 15 comprising a pivotable member to move the device fromthe extended position to the storage position, with the pivotable memberbeing biased to reversibly lock the device in the extended position. 17.The device of claim 1 wherein the UV light source is a UVA light source,a UVB light source, a UVC light source or a combination UVA and UVB andUVC light source.
 18. A method of disinfecting comprising: providing anultraviolet light source, a distance detector, an indicator, and amicroprocessor that receives data from the distance detector forcalculating an intensity of the light from the source on a targetsurface and for calculating a dosage of the light on the surface toprovide a signal to the indicator when a predetermined dosage isachieved, with the device comprising a movement sensor that providesdevice movement data to the microprocessor to include in the calculationof the dosage, and moving the device to expose the target area to thelight source until the indicator indicates the predetermined dosage isachieved.
 19. The device of claim 18 wherein the indicator comprises adisplay that depicts subareas of the target area and the dosage appliedto the subarea, wherein the user moves the device over the subareasuntil each subarea has achieved the predetermined dosage.
 20. The deviceof claim 18 wherein the movement sensor comprises an accelerometer thatprovides acceleration data to the microprocessor to be incorporated intothe calculation of the dosage.
 21. The device of claim 20 wherein themovement sensor provides an acceleration in an x-direction and anacceleration in a y-direction, with the target area having xycoordinates.
 22. The device of claim 20 wherein the target area isrepresented as having an x-direction and a y-direction, with thecalculations subdividing the area into subareas and calculating a dosagefor each grid member.
 23. A method of making a mobile disinfectingdevice for sanitizing or sterilizing a surface comprising mounting anultraviolet light source in a housing in electronic communication with amicroprocessor that communicates with a movement sensor and a distancedetector, wherein the movement sensor is configured to provide movementinformation to the microprocessor for a calculation of an exposure ofthe surface to the light source, for a calculation of a dosage at thesurface, and for activation of an indicator when the dosage achieves apredetermined exposure.
 24. The device of claim 23 further comprisingprogramming for predetermined sterilization dosages for one of moreorganisms or conditions in the group consisting of typhoid, influenza,hepatitis, anthrax, mold A, and mold B.